Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Essays

Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Essays Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Essay Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Essay Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Name: Course: Date: Neighborhood Crime Prevention Program Presentation Neighborhood wrongdoing avoidance program is a piece of a far reaching bundle that is executed to dissuade and forestall wrongdoing inside neighborhoods by including the inhabitants. It includes a local watch where individuals watch over their neighbors’ wellbeing. It works through neighbors inside a living arrangement who should pay special mind to dubious issues and episodes and report them to the police before anything occurs (cityofboise.org, 2012). This aides in hindering expected violations and wrongdoers from carrying out their wrongdoings. It ranges from square watch, network watch, home watch and resident alarm. Neighborhood wrongdoing anticipation programs emerged in view of accentuation in the association of residents in improving counteraction of wrongdoing. It is perhaps the most established program of deflecting wrongdoing in the United States. It was formally propelled in 1972 where residents were required to compose themselves and work with the police and other law implementation experts in hindering wrongdoing. Since its introduction, insights have related it to more secure neighborhoods. Review of history and targets In 1972, a model of neighborhood watch program was made by the National Sheriffs Association. It was in a hunt of a wrongdoing counteraction program to address an expansion in wrongdoing particularly robbery (cityofboise.org, 2012). In any case, its advancement began towards the finish of 1960s after the assault and demise of Genovese where a few neighbors were observers however never really help their neighbor. This brought about individuals framing gatherings to look out for their neighbors. From that point forward it has kept on developing the nation over. As of in the not so distant future, it was underscored significantly progressively after the shooting of a high school kid by a man professing to be on a local watch. He left his vehicle to seek after the kid, which is against the job of a local program. The program doesn't permit neighbors to bring the law into their hands. Or maybe, they should report the wrongdoings. The primary objective of neighborhood wrongdoing program is deflecting wrongdoing and keeping expected guilty parties from carrying out wrongdoing through joint effort between the residents and the police office, just as making a feeling of network inside the homes. The goals could shift in various areas relying upon the distinctive security needs inside various neighborhoods. In any case, there are general destinations that apply to all local wrongdoing counteraction programs as expressed beneath. Showing residents on the most proficient method to keep their homes more secure and lessen the likelihood of falling casualties of wrongdoing through observing each other Encouraging occupants to turn out to be progressively familiar with one another and look for methods of making a solid feeling of network so as to cooperate towards ensuring their local Training residents in methods of revealing and acknowledgment of dubious occurrences just as dubious individuals inside their home Opening up correspondence between the area, supports, law implementation divisions and different partners so as to upgrade joint effort and coordination Increasing attention to residents on theft issues and different violations through a nonstop data and correspondence program Enlisting all inhabitants, homes, condos and organizations inside an inhabitant in tasks distinguishing proof Writing and hierarchical structure, tasks and practices of projects There have been a few bits of writing on the issue of neighborhood wrongdoing anticipation program. They have concentrated on investigates directed about their adequacy and assessments on their presentation. A great part of the writing has related neighborhood programs with low crime percentage, recommending they are powerful in dissuading wrongdoing. A significant part of the writing audit has been directed by organizations, for example, the police and the government agency of examinations. A portion of the acts of the projects incorporate telling the police of dubious occurrences, working with police and shaping coordinated effort with the neighbors. Moreover, its association appears as joint effort between the residents and police where the individuals are the eyes that distinguish the likely wrongdoing while the police come in to intercede. Information or measurable examination As per measurable investigation, neighborhood wrongdoing programs are powerful in decreasing crimes. The information show a wrongdoing decrease impact of 16 to 26 percent National wrongdoing counteraction chamber. (2012). The fame of the local projects has kept on expanding after some time with around 41 percent of Americans evaluated to be living in networks secured with neighborhood watch. From the report, this was the greatest type of sorted out wrongdoing impediment program in United States (Bennett, Holloway, Farrington, 2008). Impact on wrongdoing and network From a few examinations, it has been demonstrated that local wrongdoing programs are viable in dissuading wrongdoing. They can forestall and diminish wrongdoing, also. Taking into account that it centers around keeping likely wrongdoers from participating in criminal conduct through joint effort between the residents and the police office, it effectsly affects wrongdoing and network, also. The greatest impact on wrongdoing is preventing the expected guilty parties from carrying out violations through admonitions that show a territory has neighborhood programs. Then again, its capacity to deflect wrongdoing guarantees that areas can be more secure. It likewise empowers residents to assume liability of their own security and wellbeing through looking out for one another. The exploration further balances that not the entirety of the local projects were fruitful. Some yielded no outcome in decreasing wrongdoing. The report refers to that territories with a high pace of wrongdoing are mor e earnestly to actualize such projects because of the absence of trust among the neighbors (Gross, Ruoff, Laino, 2012). Execution Evaluation and resident investment/support In territories where the projects are effective, backing and interest of the residents is generally high to improve the wellbeing. The program doesn't work without legitimate coordination among the neighbors. Nonetheless, for most territories where such projects have been executed, resident support has been good making them a triumph. Without the joint effort of police and the residents, such violations would barely work. Residents have assumed liability of dealing with their neighborhoods through association with the police. Execution has improved after some time with an ever increasing number of occupants arranging neighborhood programs. All the more in this way, systems have improved where police reaction is very quick End As of late, neighborhood programs have been developing at a quick rate. By and large, a great part of the writing counseled has proposed that local wrongdoing anticipation programs are powerful in dissuading wrongdoing. Measurable information have indicated that it diminishes the crime percentage by a normal pace of 16 percent. This is a direct result of its capacity to dissuade wrongdoing inside neighborhoods (Gross, Ruoff, Laino, 2012). The projects function admirably if there is legitimate coordination between the resident and the police. Without such correspondence, there would be no accomplishment since the residents are correspondents of dubious episodes while the police mediate. Hence, without correspondence between the two primary gatherings it is difficult to stop violations utilizing such projects. Notwithstanding, because of cooperation of residents in helping the police in dissuading wrongdoing, achievement has been accomplished. It has had both the impacts of lessening t he crime percentage and building a feeling of network inside occupants. The projects are additionally to a great extent dependent on trust between the neighbors. The condensation finding in the greater part of the investigates directed is that local wrongdoing anticipation programs are related with more secure neighborhoods. References Bennett, T., Holloway, K. Farrington D. P. (2008). Does Neighborhood Watch Reduce Crime: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Branch of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. cityofboise.org. (2012). Neighborhood Watch. Recovered from http://police.cityofboise.org/wrongdoing counteraction/neighborhood-watch/ Net, D.J., Ruoff, A. Laino, T. (2012). Neighborhood watch bunches ponder rehearses after teen’s lethal shooting. Recovered from gazette.net/article/20120417/NEWS/704179990/neighborhood-watch-bunches consider rehearses after-teenager s-fataltemplate=gazette National wrongdoing counteraction board. (2012). Neighborhood Watch. Recovered from ncpc.org/points/home-and-neighborhood-security/neighborhood-observe

A Raisin in the Sun Study Guide for Act Three

A Raisin in the Sun Study Guide for Act Three This plot synopsis and study direct for Lorraine Hansberrys play, A Raisin in the Sun, gives an outline of Act Three. To become familiar with the past scenes, look at the accompanying articles: A Raisin in the Sun: Act One, Scene OneA Raisin in the Sun: Act One, Scene TwoA Raisin in the Sun: Act Two, Scene OneA Raisin in the Sun: Act Two, Scene TwoA Raisin in the Sun: Act Two, Scene Three The third demonstration of A Raisin in the Sun is a solitary scene. It happens an hour after the occasions of Act Two (when $6500 was cheated from Walter Lee). In the stage bearings, dramatist Lorraine Hansberry portrays the light of the family room as dark and melancholy, similarly as it was toward the start of Act One. This grim lighting speaks to the sentiment of misery, just as the future guarantees nothing. Joseph Asagais Proposal Joseph Asagai pays an unconstrained visit to the family unit, offering to enable the family to pack. Beneatha clarifies that Walter Lee lost her cash for clinical school. At that point, she describes a cherished memory about a neighbor kid who harmed himself harshly. At the point when the specialists fixed his face and broken bones, youthful Beneatha acknowledged she needed to turn into a specialist. Presently, she feels that she has quit caring enough to join the clinical calling. Joseph and Beneatha then dispatch into a scholarly conversation about romantics and pragmatists. Joseph sides with vision. He is committed to improving life in Nigeria, his country. He even welcomes Beneatha to get back with him, as his significant other. She is both stupefied and complimented by the offer. Joseph leaves her to consider the thought. Walters New Plan During his sisters discussion with Joseph Asagai, Walter has been listening eagerly from the other room. After Joseph leaves, Walter goes into the parlor and finds the business card of Mr. Karl Lindner, the administrator of the alleged inviting board of trustees of Clybourne Park, an area with white occupants who are happy to pay a lot of cash to keep dark families from moving into the network. Walter leaves to contact Mr. Lindner. Mother enters and begins to unload. (Since Walter lost the cash, she no longer intends to move to the new house.) She recollects when as a kid people would state that she generally pointed excessively high. It appears she at long last concurs with them. Ruth despite everything needs to move. She is happy to go to work outrageous hours so as to keep their new house in Clybourne Park. Walter returns and declares that he has made a call to the Man all the more explicitly, he has asked Mr. Lindner back to their home to examine a business course of action. Walter intends to acknowledge Lindners segregationist terms so as to make a benefit. Walter has established that mankind is separated into two gatherings: the individuals who take and the individuals who are tooken. Starting now and into the foreseeable future, Walter pledges to be a taker. Walter Hits Rock Bottom Walter separates as he envisions putting on a pitiable act for Mr. Lindner. He imagines that he is addressing Mr. Lindner, utilizing a slave vernacular to communicate how docile he is in contrast with the white, land owner. At that point, he goes into the room, alone. Beneatha verbally repudiates her sibling. Yet, Mama sincerely says that they should at present love Walter, that a relative needs love the most when they have arrived at his absolute bottom. Little Travis runs in to declare the appearance of the moving men. Simultaneously, Mr. Lindner shows up, conveying agreements to be agreed upon. A Moment of Redemption Walter goes into the family room, serious and prepared to work together. His significant other Ruth advises Travis to go ground floor since she doesn't need her child to see his dad degrade himself. Be that as it may, Mama announces: Mother: (Opening her eyes and investigating Walters.) No. Travis, you remain directly here. What's more, you cause him to comprehend what you doing, Walter Lee. You show him great. Like Willy Harris instructed you. You show where our five ages done come to. When Travis grins up at his dad, Walter Lee has an unexpected difference in heart. He discloses to Mr. Lindner that his relatives are plain yet glad individuals. He recounts how his dad functioned for a considerable length of time as a worker, and that eventually his dad earned the ideal for his family to move into their new home in Clybourne Park. To put it plainly, Walter Lee changes into the man his mom had implored he would turn into. Understanding that the family is keen on moving into the area, Mr. Lindner shakes his head with apprehension and leaves. Maybe the most energized of all the relatives, Ruth happily yells, Lets get the hellfire out of here! The moving men enter and start to get together the furnishings. Beneatha and Walter exit as they contend about who might be a progressively reasonable spouse: the optimistic Joseph Asagai or the rich George Murchison. The entirety of the family with the exception of Mama have left the condo. She checks out one final time, gets her plant, and leaves for another home and another life.

Day 1 Going North

Day 1 Going North ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????…. I kid I kid, though I could write an entire post in Japanese if I wanted to. Maybe I will later, but today’s not that day. I just wanted to share this picture (sorry its blurry, Ill have a better quality one next time I promise): It’s a lake, it’s frozen. I am standing on it while taking this picture. For a person who grew up in very arid parts of the west coast, I feel like a boss right now. Sometimes, even during IAP, even after being stuck at home for 6 (yes, for real, thanks mister snow storm) extra days than intended before coming back to campus, I forget that there’s a world outside the MIT bubble. Sounds crazy, right? Well, do you want to leave home when you have so much fun with the people in your family and feel comfortable there? The answer to that is usually no, especially when your home is a college campus where events and famous people will often come to you. The reason I’m off campus is actually for a class that’s part of GEL â€" Project Engineering. So you have to wonder, why did they bring us out to New Hampshire to do this? Wouldn’t it have been a lot warmer and more convenient in a classroom on campus? Well sometimes I have to leave where I spend most of my time, take a deep breath, look up at the stars and tell myself that everything’s going to be alright. How the class itself goes will be another story, but I do like looking up at a clear night sky away from the city. You can say that’s cheesy, and that I didn’t actually answer the question, but hey, I feel what I feel. Also electric blankets: if you don’t have one, you should get one. It’s pretty awesome.

Flood Insurance Myths and Facts

People who live on top of the hill dont need flood insurance. Not true, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and just one of the many myths surrounding the agencys National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). When it comes to flood insurance, not having the facts can literally cost you your lifes savings. While floods are the most common natural disaster in the United States, flood damage is rarely covered under homeowners or renters insurance policies.   Owners of both homes and businesses, as well as renters, need to know the flood insurance myths and facts. Myth: You cant buy flood insurance if youre in a high-flood-risk area.Fact: If your community participates in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), you can buy National Flood Insurance no matter where you live. To find out if your community participates in the NFIP, visit FEMAs Community Status page. More communities qualify for the NFIP everyday. Myth: You cant buy flood insurance immediately before or during a flood.Fact: You can buy National Flood Insurance anytime - but the policy isnt effective until a 30-day waiting period after the first premium payment. However, this 30-day waiting period can be waived if the policy was purchased within 13 months of a flood map revision. If the initial flood insurance purchase was made during this 13-month period, then there is only a one-day waiting period. This one-day provision only applies when the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) is revised to show the building is now in a high-flood-risk area. Myth: Homeowners insurance policies cover flooding.Fact: Most home and business multi-peril policies do not cover flooding. Homeowners can include personal property coverage in their NFIP policy, and residential and commercial renters can purchase flood coverage for their contents. Business owners can buy flood insurance coverage for their buildings, inventory and contents. Myth: You cant buy flood insurance if your property has been flooded.Fact: As long as your community is in the NFIP, you are eligible to purchase flood insurance even after your home, apartment, or business has been flooded. Myth: If you do not live in a high-flood-risk area, you do not need flood insurance.Fact: All areas are susceptible to flooding. Nearly 25 percent of the NFIP claims come from outside high-flood-risk areas. Myth: National Flood Insurance can only be purchased through the NFIP directly.Fact: NFIP flood insurance is sold through private insurance companies and agents. The federal government backs it. Myth: The NFIP does not offer any type of basement coverage.Fact: Yes, it does. A basement, as defined by NFIP, is any building area with a floor below ground level on all sides. Basement improvements - finished walls, floors or ceilings - are not covered by flood insurance; nor are personal belongings, like furniture and other contents. But flood insurance does cover structural elements and essential equipment, provided it is connected to a power source (if required) and installed in its functioning location. According to a recent FEMA press release, items protected under building coverage include the following: sump pumps, well-water tanks and pumps, cisterns and the water inside, oil tanks and the oil inside, natural gas tanks and the gas inside, pumps or tanks used with solar energy, furnaces, water heaters, air conditioners, heat pumps, electrical junction and circuit breaker boxes (and their utility connections), foundation elements, stairways, staircases, elevators, dumbwaiters, unpainted drywall walls and ceilings (including fiberglass insulation), and cleanup expenses. Protected under content coverage are: clothes washers and dryers, as well as food freezers and the food inside them. The NFIP recommends both building and content coverage be purchased for the most comprehensive protection. National Flood Insurance Program Basics The goal of the federal National Flood Insurance Program is to reduce the impact of flooding on private and public buildings. It does this by applying measures to make flood insurance as affordable as possible for property owners, renters and businesses and by encouraging communities to adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances regulating the building of structures in flood-prone areas. These efforts on the federal level, combined with the cooperation and expertise of local officials, help mitigate the effects of flooding on new and improved structures, including dwellings and non-occupied accessory buildings. As administered by FEMA, the National Flood Insurance Program reduces the socio-economic impact of disasters by promoting the purchase and retention of general risk insurance, as well as flood insurance, specifically.

Organisational Climate Essay - 1531 Words

Organisational climate and job satisfaction are separate, but related constructs and both affect the understanding of the working environment and employee level of job satisfaction. Purpose of this essay is to explain the relationship between organisational climate and job satisfaction to determine the perception of the employees working environment influence whether their level of satisfaction. Organisational climate is a relatively enduring quality of the internal environment of an organization that (a) is experienced by its members, (b) influences their behavior, and (c) can be described in terms of the values of a particular set of characteristics (or attributes) of the organization (Mullins, 2013). Organisational climate in†¦show more content†¦Organisational climate and job satisfaction are interrelated constructs (Al-Shamarri, 1992; Keuter, Byrne, Voell and Larson, 2000). Organisational climate is focused on organisational/institutional attributes in the perception of members of the organisation, while satisfaction with work addresses perceptions and attitudes that people have to show their work. Organisational climate is an important component that has significant implications for understanding of human behavior on organisations. There are many studies on the relationship between organisational climate and job satisfaction. In a review of studies investigating the organisational climate and job satisfaction, Peek (2003) found that organisational climate that exhibits characteristics such as a high degree of autonomy, provides an opportunity for employees to have a constructive relationship, showing interest and concern for their employee, recognizing the achievements of staff and conduct of employees in high regard result in more satisfied employees. Lawler (1976) explains that internal rewards can satisfy the need of a higher order, such as a sense of duty and achievement and satisfaction, using their skills and abilities. Robbins, Odendaal and Roodt (2003) indicate that internal factors like stroke, promotion, recognition, responsibility and achievement related to job sati sfaction. Job satisfaction can be measured in two ways, on the verge of approach orShow MoreRelatedThe Structure Of Supply Chains1324 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change, in 21st century, is an increasingly alarming issue and its negatively far-reaching effects on humanity can no longer denied. In terms of businesses, enterprises must seal their ultimate goal – maximising profit – with environmental protection because â€Å"consumers concern about global climate change within the context of sustainable consumption† (Newman et al. 2012, p. 511). 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Vegeterain vs. Meat Eaters Free Essays

Vegetarians vs. Meat Eaters Introduction Vegetarianism is adopted by many individuals as way of living life. Vegetarianism is the voluntary abstinence from consuming meat. We will write a custom essay sample on Vegeterain vs. Meat Eaters or any similar topic only for you Order Now The issue is whether or not a vegetarian diet is truly safer than a diet consisting of meat. Individuals adopt a vegetarian lifestyle for different reasons. Some of the reasons consist of religious or ethical beliefs, or health reasons. Vegetarian diets are also recommended as a medicinal diet for individuals suffering from heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol. The results of a vegetarian diet may seem beneficial, but the safety of a vegetarian diet is questionable. Some individuals consider vegetarianism to be the healthiest way of living. On the other hand, severe consequences occur when relying solely on vegetables as a way of life. The intake of meat in a diet is necessary to obtain the nutrients not provided in vegetables. Vegetarianism In 1847, the term â€Å"vegetarianism† was coined by the founders of the Vegetarian Society of Great Britain. Consumption of only vegetables, have existed since the creation of diets. Increases of food not containing meat have increased since the 1990’s. Most of the increases occurred because doctors and medical organizations stated that limiting meat intake could result in a less chance of developing degenerative diseases. The vegetarian lifestyle dates back to one of the oldest cultures, the Hindus. Hindus consume a vegetarian diet because of their religious beliefs. Based on Hindu beliefs, beauty, good memory, and longer life spans are possessed, if meat is not consumed. Beliefs, such as the Hindus, differ depending on the culture. Vegetarianism is also used as a way of treating common illnesses. Currently, many individuals suffer from illnesses such as high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease. In some cases, the implementation of an all vegetable diet has been incorporated to help lower the effects related to these conditions. In patients suffering from cancer, vegetarianism is used as a dietary therapy treatment. Vegetarianism is used to treat one of America’s largest conditions, obesity. In 2008, the medical costs associated with individuals suffering from obesity were about $147 billion (CDC, 2012). Implementing a vegetarian diet is one way to reduce the excess weight of obese individuals and lower medical costs. Implementing an all-vegetable diet is easy to implement and it is an economical practice for aiding in the treatment of medical conditions. Limitations of Vegetarianism Vegetarianism may be beneficial, but the deficiencies that occur as a result of this diet, outweigh the benefits. According to the governmental Food Guide Pyramid, five sources of foods should be consumed in order to supply the body with essential nutrients. The five food sources are: milk, bread, fruit, vegetable, and meat groups. These dietary guidelines were created to help individuals live a healthier lifestyle. When a necessary nutrient is removed from the body, complications may begin to occur. Restricting meat from the body produces a deficiency in the nutrients needed for the body to function properly (Timko, 2012). The nutrients that the body loses on an all-vegetable diet consist of: Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin B-12, Calcium, and Iron. Omega-3 fatty acids are a type of nutrient that is not manufactured by the body, but is essential. This nutrient must be obtained through an individual’s diet, which would have to consist of fish. Omega-3 has the ability to slow the development of atherosclerosis, it is an anti-inflammatory, it lowers triglyceride levels, and it helps with depression. When foods are not consumed that contain this nutrient, individuals face a higher chance of developing cancer, cardiovascular disease, brain development complications, and inflammation (Timko, 2012). Vitamin B-12 is a nutrient that is found in the protein of animals, dairy, eggs, seafood, and plants (Web M. D. , 2012). Although B-12 is found in plants, it cannot be consumed by humans. Therefore, the consumption of meat is necessary. Vitamin B-12 is necessary for the body because it prevents the blood levels in the body from becoming too low (Web M. D. , 2012). When the body lacks Vitamin B-12, serious conditions may occur such as anemia (lack of healthy red blood cells) or irreversible nerve damage. The consumption of Vitamin B-12 also helps treat and prevents anemia, memory loss, unhealthy immune systems, loss of energy and concentration, and heart disease (Web M. D. , 2012) Calcium is the third deficiency occurring from restricting meat from the body. Dairy products provide the greatest source of calcium for the body. About 70% of the United States receives calcium from dairy products (MedicineNet, 2012). The body depends on calcium for the production of strong bones. Calcium also helps the lungs, heart, and muscles to function properly (Mayo, 2012). When the body lacks calcium, it could result in low bone mass production which leads to osteoporosis (Mayo, 2012). The final nutrient lost in a vegetarian diet is iron. Iron is important because it aids in the transportation of oxygen throughout the body (MedicineNet, 2012). When the body lacks iron, individuals tend to feel fatigued and immune function decreases. To counteract the feeling of fatigue, it is important to consume meats that contain iron. Disadvantages of Vegetarianism The lifestyle of a vegetarian has drawbacks that could result into long term issues for individuals. The vegetarian lifestyle requires individuals to replace the nutrients received from meat, by using other products. Many vegetarians use cheese and other daily products to provide calcium and vitamins with their meals. Depending strictly on vegetables does not mean that an individual will be healthier. When individuals supplement extra products to make up for what they lack in meat, it could cause excessive weight gain over the years (Lunan, 2011). In an article entitled Vegetarians: Beware the Carbs and Cheese, 29,138 vegetarians and non-vegetarians were surveyed. The results showed that female vegetarians were no healthier than meat-eating females. On the other hand, male vegetarians suffered from gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal symptoms (Lunan, 2011). Mental disorders have the ability to affect numerous types of individuals, including vegetarians. In an article entitled Vegetarian Diet and Mental Disorders, based on a community survey, vegetarians were highly associated with having mental disorders (Michalak, 2012). The study showed how vegetarians had an elevated rate for mental disorders such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and somatoform disorders. The study also showed that once a vegetarian diet was adopted, then a mental disorder followed the start of the diet (Michalak, 2012). When vegetarians restrict their body of what it needs, such as meat, it begins to affect the mind as well. It is mentally unsafe for a person to consume an all-vegetable diet. If consumption of only vegetables causes an individual to gain a mental disorder, it is obvious that this is an unhealthy choice to adopt. Anorexia is another serious condition that younger female vegetarians face. Some dieticians believe that teenagers who are limiting themselves to a vegetable only diet are also setting themselves up to developing anorexia nervosa (Vegetarian or Anorexic? , 1999). This disorder typically affects young females. Anorexia causes individuals to eat as less as possible, which causes malnourishment. When this occurs, it also increases the risk of developing high blood pressure, hormone imbalances, liver problems, and slow heart beats. Being a vegetarian gives individuals an excuse to worry about what they eat and to be overly cautious. When a younger female avoids food, she is typically avoiding it for the wrong reasons. The disadvantages that result from living a lifestyle of a vegetarian have the ability to cause life-threatening illnesses. Eating right, including all of the five food groups in a daily diet, is safer than adopting a diet that can have negative results in the future. Benefits of Meat Consumption Contrary to what most vegans think, important benefits are derived from consuming meat. The first benefit that individuals receive from meat is protein. Meats contain a large amount of proteins that are beneficial to the body. When protein is in the body, it allows for building of body tissues, repairing of damages muscles, and production of antibodies used to fight infections. Amino acids are also found in meats, which aid in strengthening the body’s immune system (Medical Daily, 2012). Meat contains all of the amino acids; therefore it is one of the best sources of protein. Not only does it provide protein for the body, it also helps to maintain your skin. A second benefit of consuming meat is that it contains three important nutrients: iron, selenium, and zinc. Iron is important because it aids in the production of hemoglobin in the body. It also helps transport oxygen thought the body (Medical Daily, 2012). Selenium is a mineral that is essential to good health, but has to be consumed in an individual’s diet. Selenium is found in crab, liver, fish, and poultry. This mineral is necessary because it breaks down chemicals and fats in the body. Zinc is an important mineral because it aids in metabolism and formation of tissue (Medical Daily, 2012). Vitamins are a very important part of every individual diet. Consuming meats allows the body to receive vitamins that are necessary for it to function properly. Vitamins A, B, and D are three of the most important vitamins that the body needs. These vitamins promote strong bones and teeth, good mental health, nervous system support, and better vision. Conclusion Restricting a diet to only vegetable intake does not guarantee that a vegetarian in healthier than an individual that consumes meat. Vegetarians do benefit from this type of lifestyle because they may have lower cholesterol, less weight gain, and lower risks of developing illnesses. On the other hand, restricting meat from a diet results in numerous complications. The loss of nutrients such as iron, calcium, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids, are a tremendous disadvantage for vegetarians. Vegetarians may suffer from anorexia, mental disorders, and gastrointestinal problems. When changing a diet causes more harm than good, the best decision is to give the body the nutrients it was designed to receive. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). â€Å"Obesity†; August 13, 2012 http://www. cdc. gov/obesity/data/adult. html Deckere, E. A. , â€Å"European Journal of Cancer Prevention†; â€Å"Possible beneficial effect of fish and fish n’3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast and colorectal cancer†; July 1999 http://www. livestrong. com/article/314378-what-is-purpose-of-omega-3-fatty-acids/ â€Å"Food Guide Pyramid†; 2012 http://www. nal. usda. gov/fnic/Fpyr/pmap. tm Lunan, K. , â€Å"Vegeterians: Beware of Carbs and Cheese†; Vol. 124 Issue 37, P. 60-61, 2011 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, â€Å"Calcium and Calcium Supplements†; 1998-2012 http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/calcium-supplements/MY01540 Medical Daily, â€Å"3 Benefits of Eating Meat†; 2012 http://www. medicaldaily. com/articles/3971/20101119/3-benefits-of-eating-meat. htm MedicineNet. , â€Å"Vegeterian and Vegan Diet†; 1996-2012 http://www. medicinenet. com/vegetarian_and_vegan_diet/page2. htm Michalak, J. , Xiao Chi Z. , Jacobi, F. :Vegeterian diet and Mental Disorders: Results from a Representative Community Survey†; International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition Physical Activity; 2012, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p 67-76 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Taepavarapruk, P. , â€Å"Journal of Neurochemistry†; â€Å"Reductions of acetylcholine release and nerve growth factor expression are correlated with memory impairment induced by interleukin-1beta administrations: effects of omega-3 fatty acid EPA treatment†; December 2009 http://www. livestrong. com/article/314378-what-is-purpose-of-omega-3-fatty-acids/ Timko, A. â€Å"Dietary Restriction: A Comparison of Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians† ; Eating Disorders Review; Vol. 23 Issue 3, p6-6, May/June 2012 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 â€Å"Vegetarian or Anorexic? † November 26, 1999 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 â€Å"Vegetarianism†, November 26, 1999 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Web M. D. â€Å"Vitamin B12: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, and Warnings†; 2005-2012 http://www. webmd. com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-926-VITAMIN%20B12. aspx? activeIngredientId=926activeIngredientName=VITAMIN%20B12 How to cite Vegeterain vs. Meat Eaters, Essay examples

Intropersonal Communication free essay sample

Me personally, I have reaped the repercussions of jumping to conclusions with my conversations through text. With personal experiences, research, and findings I will elaborate more on the topic of how conversation through text is becoming more of an issue. This topic was of interest to me because it is something I notice getting worse over the years. I find it interesting how people can be so vulgar and blunt over text but then be completely different in person. It is as if the person they wish to be, they are able to be behind closed doors or when nobody is watching. Which is making it acceptable for people to put a facade on for everyone else. Even though that is not the person they are in person to friends. I wanted to figure out if what I was thinking was true or not so I decided to put forth effort into seeing facts and understanding the fact of how texting is pretty much getting in the way of understanding a conversation and knowing the real person you are talking with. I feel as if the next generations are going to make this far worse than what it is already is because of how intrusive technology has become on their everyday lives. Relationships are a big deal when it comes to texting. Since now days it is difficult to see and call your significant other constantly through out the day, texting has become such a convenience to keep in touch with each other and maintain a healthy relationship even when you aren’t together. How ever certain issues have been arising with the verbal issues that should stay verbal issues but begin to change into non-verbal issues, which only makes things worse. I have been mad at my significant other and to express myself over text wasn’t enough and not only that it was as if what I was saying was being misconstrued and not taken the way I was meaning it to be. In that specific fight it was as if the fight escaladed based solely on one persons perception of what was being said when in reality it wasn’t being projected in a negative way. Communication in a relationship in general is key but if you are in an intimate relationship verbal conversation is necessary sometimes so issues like the one above can be eliminated. Conversational skills are being affected immensely by individuals solely holding conversations through texting rather than actually talking to the person on the phone or in person. I had a friend that was very close to me that I only knew online and as we began to text each other I got to know his personality, which was contagious and awesome. Even though he was an awesome person to talk to non-verbally I still wanted the same connection when we went out in public or to the bars with my friends. Turns out he was very introverted, shy, and timid. I was in shock to find out he was like this way because of the way he presented himself over text. He then told me later that he usually acts differently over text than in person because he doesn’t feel as if he is being judged when he speaks through his phone but feels as if he is when he speaks in person. If this continues the next generations aren’t going to have people skills what so ever. Attention span has been affected immensely by technology especially when it comes to texting. Texting has caused more kids to be ADD because of the fact that they just can’t focus on anything important anymore because they are always wanting to get back to their phone and talk with friends or significant others which means they lose interest in school and work. Which is going to make passing school or getting a good job really hard to accomplish. I personally can see myself not being able to concentrate in class as much because I have a significant other that texts me as well as all my other friends who I don’t see all the time. Not only that but social media as well which makes being able to concentrate in class difficult and being able to focus during work is just as difficult. Texting has made a big impact on conversational aspects in multiple different ways most outweighing the positives. The effects of texting on intrapersonal relationships I found were majority negative. Basically today texting has become the main form for contacting people that aren’t close to you. Many individuals use texting to express their feelings, keep in touch with friends, and avoid communication orally. Even though texting is convenient, simple, and simple it is causing a severe negative effect on face-to-face conversations. It has come to the point where texting is actually replacing face-to-face communication where people are even too scared to meet a person physically to speak face-to-face. Nonverbal Competency is â€Å"the ability to process and use non-verbal codes to convey content in effective ways. † The nonverbal codes don’t exist because there isn’t a receiving party. No vocal characteristics, body movements, or facial expressions of any kind with which to gauge from conversation. Texting has made people lazy and lack face-to-face conversation skills. Texting has made people shorten their words, thoughts, and feelings so when we want to express ourselves we don’t know what to say because he have grown accustomed to doing so behind words instead of simply speaking them. Unprofessionalism is becoming more and more common in college students certain professors will see abbreviations in e-mails as if it were a text message. Also college students are becoming more and more lazy when it comes to professionalism with professors and even possible future employers. They are getting the idea some how that it is acceptable to write in abbreviation or â€Å"slang† so to speak to professors, which isn’t helping them what so ever. College student’s need to realize that without professionalism in the way you write will guarantee you don’t get a good job. I feel as if communication is going to slowly merge to being mainly electronic rather than face-to-face like how it should be. Some people believe texting is a convenient way to get in touch with someone that isn’t time consuming and easy to do. However it is becoming a negative impact because of all the deaths that have been occurring while texting and driving as well as making it hard to express one self in person because they usually hide behind their words over text. If people want to text it should be written out as if you’re talking to someone of intelligence along with having a specific time and place to do so. Which means not texting during class time, work, or while behind the wheel. Not only would this improve social skills and face-to-face conversation but it would also make the roads safer and actually save lives and save peoples inability to focus on tasks at hand.

Alice Adventures In Wonderland Essays - Kingdom Hearts Characters

Alice Adventures In Wonderland As we read Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and The Island of Dr. Moreau, we enter into two unique worlds of imagination. Both Lewis Carroll and H.G. Wells describe lands of intrigue and mystery. We follow Alice and Pren*censored* into two different worlds where animals speak, evolution is tested, and reality is bent until it nearly breaks. It is the masterminds of Lewis Carroll and H.G. Wells that take these worlds of fantasy and make them realistic. How do these two great authors make the unbelievable believable? Both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and The Island of Dr. Moreau float in between a dream world and reality, which makes the real seem unbelievable and the unbelievable seem real. In H.G. Wells's The Island of Dr. Moreau, we see right from the beginning that imagination and reality are blended together to create an air of confusion. In the introduction we are told that Pren*censored* disappeared for eleven months. When he was found, he told a story that no one would believe. "He gave such a strange account of himself that he was supposed demented (pg. 1)." So right from the beginning we do not know what to believe. Later in the story, Pren*censored* is picked up by the Ipecacuanha. On this ship there are deformed and strange men riding with Montgomery. "He was, I could see, a misshappen man, short, broad and clumsy, with a crooked back, a hairy neck and a head sunk between his shoulders (pg. 10)." This is the first picture we get of the deformities from the island. During this time on the Ipecacuanha, Pren*censored* is weak from exhaustion and in a state of confusion, which adds to our confusion. It is later in the story, where reality really becomes deformed. First, Pren*censored* is locked out of the inner rooms of the enclosure, because of their "little secrets." Second, Pren*censored* walks out into the woods to get away from the puma's crying. It is hear that he gets a good look at one of the deformities for the first time. "Then I saw it was a man, going on all fours like a beast! (pg. 38)." It is this sight that sends Pren*censored*"s imagination wild. "The thicket about me became altered to my imagination. Every shadow became something more than a shadow, became an ambush, every rustle became a threat. Invisible things seemed watching me (pg. 39)." It is these emotions of Pren*censored*'s that make the unbelievable seem real. He has gone from a sane man with some studies in science to a man who fears the shadows and sees men walk on all fours. The dream state of everything at this time keeps us believing that anything is possible. This is the same technique that Lewis Carroll uses in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. The story begins with Alice getting tired, which implies that she is falling asleep and going to enter the fantastic world of dreams. Immediately, she sees a white rabbit in a waistcoat. This puts the reader directly into the world of fantasy and imagination. It is Carroll's use of explanations that makes this unbelievable world seem real. No matter how strange something appears it has a meaning and a reason. When the Mock Turtle is telling his story of school, he says, "?the master was an old Turtle?we used to call him Tortoise--.' ?Why did you call him Tortoise, if he wasn't one?' asked Alice. ?We called him Tortoise because he taught us,' said the Mock Turtle angrily. ?Really you are very dull.' (pg. 91)." It is this type of explanation that helps the reader to believe the story. Alice is referred to as dull for not understanding, so the reader accepts the explanation in order not to be dull. Another example of this is when Alice meets the Cheshire-Cat. The cat tells her the way to the Hatter and the March Hare, but adds that "they're both mad." Alice replies that "I don't want to go among mad people." The Cat then gives the explanation. "?Oh, you can't help that,' said the Cat: ?we're all mad here. I'm mad. You're mad.' ?How do you know I'm mad?' said Alice. ?You must be,' said the Cat, ?or you wouldn't have come here.' (pg. 65)" The Cat then goes on to explain why he is mad. "?To begin with,' said the Cat, ?a dog's not mad. You grant that?' ?I suppose so,' said Alice. ?Well, then,' the Cat went on, ?you see a dog growls when it's angry, and

Dnde enviar la solicitud para la greencard por matrimonio

Dnde enviar la solicitud para la greencard por matrimonio   Los ciudadanos americanos y los residentes permanentes pueden solicitar la tarjeta de residencia   por matrimonio para sus esposos enviando la aplicacià ³n  al USCIS. Estas son las reglas. La solicitud al Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s)  se hace mediante la planilla I-130. Debe acompaà ±arse de otros documentos y del pago de la cuota correspondiente. A la hora de enviar los papeles pueden darse las siguientes posibilidades: El solicitante est en Estados Unidos y su marido o mujer estn en otro pas Es el caso en el que un ciudadano americano o residente permanente legal est en Estados Unidos y su cà ³nyuge se encuentra en otro paà ­s. El lugar al que hay que enviar la documentacià ³n depende del estado o territorio en el que vive el solicitante. Asà ­: Si reside en: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,Dakota del Norte, Dakota del Sur,  Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Nuevo Mà ©xico, Oklahoma, Oregà ³n, Texas, Utah, Washington o Wyoming o en los territorios de Samoa, Puerto Rico, Guam o las Islas Marianas,  la documentacià ³n que se envà ­a por correo ordinario del servicio de Correos pà ºblico ha de dirigirse a: USCISATTN: I-130PO Box 21700Phoenix, AZ 85036 Pero si se envà ­a por Express Mail o utilizando un servicio privado de mensajerà ­a tipo UPS o Fedex, entonces el sobre con la documentacià ³n ha de enviarse a: USCISAttn: I-1301820 E. Skyharbor Circle SSuite 100Phoenix, AZ 85034 Si el solicitante reside en: Alabama, Arkansas, Carolina del Norte, Carolina del Sur, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Luisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minesota, Misisipi, Misuri, Nuevo Hampshire, Nueva Jersey, Nueva York, Ohio, Pensilvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, Virginia Occidental, Wisconsin y Washington D.C., entonces los envà ­os realizados por correo ordinario del Servicio de Correos Pà ºblico (US Postal Service o USPS) han de dirigirse a: USCISP.O. Box 804625Chicago, IL 60680-4107 Sin embargo, si se prefiere utilizar un Express Mail o un servicio de mensajerà ­a privado, la direccià ³n a la que se envà ­a es: USCISAttn: I-130131 South Dearborn-3rd  FloorChicago, IL 60603-551 En los casos en que ambos cnyuges estn en este momento residiendo en el extranjero Puede suceder que el solicitante està © viviendo temporalmente en otro paà ­s pero desea regresar a Estados Unidos. Por esta razà ³n solicita la tarjeta de residencia para su cà ³nyuge. Son pocos los casos en los que se da esta circunstancia pero sà ­ que son posibles. La direccià ³n a la que enviar la documentacià ³n es la seà ±alada en el supuesto anterior cuando se envà ­a a las oficinas (lockbox) de Chicago,  IL. Recordar enviar a una u otra direccià ³n en Chicago dependiendo del servicio de envà ­o que se utilice. Adems, si el solicitante vive en un paà ­s donde el USCIS tiene una oficina internacional, puede enviarse la documentacià ³n allà ­. Es lo que se conoce como una presentacià ³n de solicitud directamente en una oficina consular (DCF, por sus siglas en inglà ©s por Direct Consular Filing).  Estas son las posibilidades con sus direcciones para envà ­o de correo y servicio de mensajerà ­a en paà ­ses en los que se habla espaà ±ol: CubaEl SalvadorGuatemalaMà ©xico DFMà ©xico, Ciudad JurezMà ©xico, MonterreyPerà ºRepà ºblica Dominicana El USCIS mantiene un pgina con las direcciones de correo de cada una de esas oficinas. Cuando el solicitante y el cnyugeresiden en Estados Unidos Si  adems de la solicitud de la tarjeta de residencia para su cà ³nyuge aplica por un ajuste de estatus para à ©ste mediante la planilla I-485. En estos casos, si se emplea correo ordinario del Servicio de Correos la direccià ³n de envà ­o es: USCISP.O. Box 805887Chicago, IL 60680-4120 Si se prefiere utilizar Express Mail o un servicio de mensajerà ­a privado (courier service) entonces enviar la documentacià ³n a: USCISFBAS131 South Dearborn-3rd  FloorChicago, IL 60603-5517 Es muy importante estar seguros de que se puede ajustar el estatus. Ya que si no se puede, la consecuencia es que el cà ³nyuge extranjero debe salir de Estados Unidos y completar el proceso para la green card mediante un procedimiento consultar. Y en el momento de salir de los Estados Unidos comienza a aplicar el castigo o penalidad de los 3 y 10 aà ±os si se ha estado en el paà ­s como ilegal. No pueden ajustar su estatus dentro de Estados Unidos los cà ³nyuges de residentes permanentes que estn en situacià ³n de ilegalidad. En el caso de esposos de ciudadanos el caso es distinto. Sà ³lo est prohibido que ajusten estatus los que ingresaron al paà ­s cruzando ilegalmente la frontera. Por lo tanto, consultar con un abogado para ver cules son las opciones en el caso de estancia ilegal por parte del cà ³nyuge extranjero. A tener en cuenta Si la documentacià ³n se envà ­a al lugar equivocado se va a producir un retraso en la tramitacià ³n de la solicitud. Para asegurarse de tener siempre la direccià ³n correcta se puede verificar si ha habido cambios en la pgina web del uscis o llamando al  1-800-375-5283. Adems, las peticiones de una tarjeta de residencia para el cà ³nyuge pueden ser hechas en base tanto a matrimonios heterosexuales como homosexuales. Y es que las bodas entre gays y lesbianas producen los mismos beneficios migratorios que las que se celebran entre un hombre y una mujer. Finalmente, tener en cuenta que la green card puede ser negada por ms de 40 causas. Algunas son temporales y el problema desaparece con el paso del tiempo. En otras ocasiones es posible solicitar un perdà ³n y en algunos casos simplemente es imposible. Es decir, casarse con un ciudadano o un residente no siempre quiere decir que se obtiene la green card. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Integrating Values - The Legality, Morality, and Social Responsibility Essay

Integrating Values - The Legality, Morality, and Social Responsibility of Nike - Essay Example The criticisms that were leveled against the organization bring to light the legal implications of carrying out business. It is necessary for a business to have a strong legal framework. The legal framework of a business compromises of the nature of work that is to be performed, the financial assets of the business and the long- and short-term goals that the business aims to achieve (Nathanson, 1995). The legal structure of the business gives rise to legal expectations that the society has from the business. Thereby, there are certain legal responsibilities that all businesses are required to meet as a constituent of the social contract that it has with the society. The legal responsibilities of a business are in effect manifestations of the society’s perception of â€Å"codified ethics† and reflect the primary perceptions of just conduct as defined by the law. The business is accountable to the society for the fulfillment of this role; failing to do so, the business is subjected to a political process where the dissidents are dealt with. Thus, public companies are liable to certain legal responsibilities and are required to comply with them as part of their role in producing goods and services for the society. Nike, however, has been the subject of criticism due to the fact that its policies and practices have not been observant of the laws and legal responsibilities set forth for businesses. It was in the early 1990s that criticism against Nike’s practices began to come to light.... The legal responsibilities of a business are in effect manifestations of the society’s perception of â€Å"codified ethics† and reflect the primary perceptions of just conduct as defined by the law (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2008). The business is accountable to the society for the fulfilment of this role; failing to do so, the business is subjected to a political process where the dissidents are dealt with. Thus, public companies are liable to certain legal responsibilities and are required to comply with them as part of their role in producing goods and services for the society. Nike, however, has been the subject of criticism due to the fact that its policies and practices have not been observant of the laws and legal responsibilities set forth for businesses. It was in the early 1990s that criticism against Nike’s practices began to come to light. Nike has been a famous name in the clothing and sports items industry. Seeing the large market share that it had abroa d and the appeal of lesser manufacturing costs, Nike outsourced to a number of countries more than a couple of decades ago. There was nothing wrong in subcontracting work to other factories in the Southeast region. Nike did not violate any laws and argued that it provided jobs to many people in the poor countries (Hill & Jain, 2009). However its prime motive was to increment the profits it made and to bring down the costs of manufacturing. For many years before the criticism being levelled against the organization gathered substantial support, ethical and legal aspects of business conduct did not enter the cost-profit equation of Nike. Nike’s factories overseas had poor working conditions despite the

Topic of ur choice Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Topic of ur choice - Dissertation Example Similarly the change in tastes of different people also brings about needed confusion. Luxury commodities around the world are taken to be those products which are priced highly above the average limits and reflect a very high standard of quality and designs embedded into it. The position of the luxury brands thus created should be made secured from the entries of average purchasers through the setting of high prices. Furthermore a sustainable approach to luxury brand management as with any brand is spontaneous innovation of its product and service quality to make the brand become the test of times (Principles of Luxury Brand Management, n.d.). Aims and Objectives Aims The main aim of the research paper centers on understanding the management pattern of the global luxury brands. It also aims at understanding the shift in the management styles of these companies with changing market and economic situations. Objectives To understand the management styles of luxury brand companies. To r eflect on the changes in management styles of such companies. To interpret the reasons for such changes. Endeavoring to present a practical study of such change in management styles through the use of case study. ... To this end, Quelch (2007) observes that the company should look forward to render a holistic approach of quality enhancement in the different product categories. In terms of design the brand must eke out a distinguishable factor which would work as the brand identification strategy amidst its various competitors. Quelch (2007) further states that the management of luxury brands around the world also focuses on restricted production activities to excite high consumer demand. The art of marketing the luxury brands signify the incorporation of the emotional element with the products of the brand to create a customer appeal for it. Personification of the brand is highly essential to reflect its uniqueness amidst other brand players competing in the same market. The marketing strategy must also highlight the region to which the brand belongs to. In total the management function of international luxury brands is carried out depending mainly on four different aspects viz. management of the product assortments of the luxury companies, managing the uniqueness in its design and communication patterns, managing the interaction of the company with its several customers and finally the management of the company’s distribution channels. Elucidating the above points, Quelch (2007) states that the management of the product lines of luxury companies earns considerable importance for setting high quality designs at reduced quantities. This is because the style and patterns of luxury commodities go on changing with changes in consumer perception of such items. Hence a focus must be rendered in sustaining its profitability in the light of increase in the production costs. Thus increase in the quantity of brand assortments and also in the sizes of individual

The Ofcom As A Super Regulator Media Essay

The Ofcom As A Super Regulator Media Essay Introduction The broadcasting culture and the Ofcom regulatory framework enshrine the freedom of broadcasters to choose topics they want to cover in the programmes they broadcast and in appropriate manner. Whilst the broadcasters have the right to hold opinions and impart information and ideas to their audiences without interference, the audiences are also entitled to receive those ideas and opinions. With reference to this, the essay (a) critically discusses the challenges and potential pitfalls that the Ofcom Broadcasting Code (the Code) presents for sports broadcasters and assesses Ofcoms powers of enforcement should a breach of the Code occur; and (b) assesses the extent to which the content of the Code is shaped and influenced by the law and policy of the European Union. After considering the Ofcom as a super regulator, the essay identifies the major principles and rules of the Code. This is followed by an examination of the challenges and potential pitfalls that the Code presents for sports broadcasters. The essay goes to assess the Ofcoms powers of enforcement where there is a breach of the Code. Finally, the essay assesses the extent to which the content of the Code has been shaped and influenced by the law and policy of the European Union. a) The Ofcom as a super regulator Before 2005 there were various regulators, such as the Broadcasting Standards Commissions (BSC), the Independent Television Commission (ITC) and the Radio Authority (RA), which regulated the exploitation of media rights. The net result was that many anomalies arose by virtue of the changing roles of those platforms (Verow, Lawrence and McCormick, 2005:324). The Ofcom was formally established on 29 December 2003 under the Communications Act 2003 as the United Kingdoms super regular to oversee all regulation in the media and communication sectors. In terms of broadcasting regulatory functions, it takes over the BSC, ITC and the RA. The creation of the Ofcom has rapidly changed the structure of television regulation in the United Kingdom (Carey, 2010:242). The Code Section 319 of the Communications Act 2003 entrusts the Ofcom with the power to set and revise a code for the standards of contents of radio and television programmes. The Ofcom has revised the Code on various occasions. The most recent version of the Code took effect on 28  February 2011. It covers all programmes broadcasted on or after 28 February 2011. It applies to radio and television content in services licensed by the Ofcom.  With the exception of the BBC, the Sianel Pedwar Cymru (S4C) and the S4C Digital, all United Kingdoms broadcasters must have the appropriate licence in order to operate a broadcasting service. All Ofcom licensees as well as the BBC and the S4C are required to comply with the Code. The Code governs, among other things, standards and practice in programme content, advertising and programme sponsorship. Section 1 of the Code requires broadcasters to protect those under the age of 18 by providing rules on scheduling and content information. Television broadcasters must observe the 21:00 watershed. The watershed does not apply to radio broadcaster, but a particular regard must be made to times when children are likely to be listening. Section 1 also curbs, among other things, violence, dangerous behaviour as well as offensive language appearing before the watershed or in an inappropriate context. In addition, section 1 insists on broadcasters to take care over the physical and emotional welfare of and the dignity of people under 18 who take part or are involved in programmes. Section 2 requires broadcasters to apply accepted standards to the contents of television and radio services in order to provide adequate protection for the public from the inclusion of harmful and/or offensive material in such services. Programmes must not include material which condones or glamorises violence, dangerous, or anti-social behaviour or is likely to encourage others to copy such behaviour. Section 3 requires broadcasters to, among others things, protect member of the public from the inclusion of harmful and/offensive materials, such as offensive language, distress, and discriminatory treatment or language. Section 4 requires broadcasters to exercise proper degree of responsibility with respect to the content of religious programmes. Section 5 provides for due impartiality and due accuracy and under prominence of views and opinions. Broadcaster must report news, in whatever form, with due accuracy and present them with due impartiality. Any mistake must be acknowledged and corrected immediately. Viewers must be made aware of what they are seeing. If a presenter gives a personal view or makes an authored programme, this must be made clear and alternative viewpoints adequately represented, either in the programme or in series of programme should be taken as a whole. Section 6 deals with elections and referendums by requiring impartiality to be strictly maintained in constituency reports. Section 7 requires broadcasters avoid unjust or unfair treatment of individuals or organisations in programmes. For example, if a team coach is approached for a post-match interview and refuses to appear, the broadcast should make clear that s/he has chosen not to appear and should give their explanation if it would be unfair not t o do so. Section 8 requires broadcasters to avoid any unwarranted infringement of privacy in programmes and in connection with obtaining material included in the programmes. Any infringement of privacy should be warranted. Sections 9 and 10 of the Code are most relevant provisions to sports broadcasting. Section 9 deals with commercial references in television programming. Section 10 deals commercial referencing in radio programming. The BBC, S4C and S4C Digital are not Ofcom licensees and, therefore, not subject to sections 9. However, they are subject to the legislation on listed events and, therefore, the regulations on listed events as set out in the relevant provisions of the Code. Section 9 requires broadcasters to maintain independent editorial control over programming. It also obliges broadcasters to ensure the distinction of editorial content from advertising. It prohibits surreptitious advertising which makes reference to a product, service or trade mark within a programme with the intention to advertise without making this clear to the audience. Section 9 provides rules for the sponsorship of television programmes. It provides regulations relating to, among others things, prohibited sponsors and the format and content of the sponsors credit. This is often referred to as a sponsor bumper or billboard (Lewis and Taylor, 2009:1239). Section 9 provides that the purpose of the sponsor credit should be simply to inform viewers that the relevant programme is sponsored and who the sponsor is. Therefore, section 9 requires the credit not to contain advertising messages or calls to action to viewers and to be kept separate from commercial breaks and from the programming itself. Accordingly, section 9 permits credits at the beginning and/or end of the programme and going into and coming out of commercial breaks. However, section 9 does not specify limits as to the permitted duration or number of sponsor credits. Section 9 simply indicates that, for these purposes, undue performance should not be given to a sponsor and credits within programme trailers should remain brief and secondary. Radio and television broadcasting are subject to different legislative requirements and terminology. Therefore, section 10 of the Code contains specific rules to radio broadcasting. The fundamental principle in section 10 is to ensure the transparency of commercial communications as a means to secure consumer protection. Viewers must not be misled. There has to be transparency and editorial independence. Advertising products has to be kept separate from the content of programmes. Challenges and pitfalls of the Code for sports broadcasters Sports broadcasters should be free to choose sporting events they want to cover in their sport broadcasting programmes. This principle underlines the broadcasting culture and the regulatory framework in which the Ofcom operates. However, the right to choose sporting events to broadcast is subject competition rules, intellectual property law as well as human rights. Television broadcasting is the most frequently area the competition authorities have been involved in the business of the sport. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) and the European Commission have scrutinised arrangements that appeared to restrict market competition in the market for the acquisition of premium sports contents. Broadcasting organisations are subject to Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty for the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The grant of exclusive rights for sport broadcasting can have implications on the freedom of other broadcasters to choose sporting events they would like to cover in their sports broadcasting programmes. However, the grant of exclusive rights is not per se contrary to the EU competition law. This is particularly the case in relation to the audiovisual industry where exclusivity may, in fact, have pro-competitive effects. The OFT has investigated allegations of BSkyB abusing its dominant position in its exclusive right to broadcast certain live sporting events by exerting an anti-competitive margin squeeze on its rivals, pricing its channels, and giving anti-competitive discounts to distributors (OFT, 2002). The OFT found that BSkyB was dominant in, among others, the wholesale supply of certain premium sports. Since the being dominant does not infringe competition rules, the OFT considered whether BSkyB had abused its dominant position in relation to margin squeeze, mixed bundling and discounts and found that that there was no abuse of its dominant position. In order to transmit  sports  content, sports broadcasters need a prior consent or authorisation from theà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °sports  organisation running the event in question, since they are the owners of the sports  content. English law does not recognise the existence of proprietary rights in a sports event per se. However, this does not mean that such rights do not exist. Instead, those rights are created, exploited and protected not as sui generis rights, but by virtue of the application in combination of principles of real property law, contract law and intellectual property law. Many sports rights including broadcasting rights are predicated on the event organiser having exclusive control over access to the venue at which the sports event is held. Under English law, sports broadcasting rights consist of a license to enter the venue, film the proceedings and transmit the resulting footage to the public (Arnold, 2001:51). Section 1 of the Copyright, Design and Patent Act 1988 (CDPA) provides that copyright subsists in, among others, broadcasts and cable programmes. Section 2(1) confer upon the owner of copyright in a work exclusive right to, among others, broadcast the work or make it available to the public by electronic transmission. For broadcasts, the copyright is owned by the maker of the broadcast (CDPA, s. 12). Copyright underpins the enormous industry that surrounds the creation and broadcast of audiovisual images of sports events. Sound recordings include player interviews, audio files, and tapes of radio broadcast. Films encompass audiovisual footage of sports events and news conferences, training sessions and player interviews, interspersed with coverage of pundits. Therefore, whilst there may not be any copyright inherent in a sporting performance per se, if that performance is recorded on audio and/or video-tape, that recording and its subsequent communication to the public by broadcast or electronic transmission will be protected by copyright. This means that the freedom of broadcasters to choose what sports events to cover in their sports programmes is restricted as they cannot broadcast copyrighted sporting material as this will amount to copyright infringement. However, the CPDA permits a present assignment of future copyright which takes place as soon as the copyright work to which it relates is created. For example, the BBC records and broadcasts coverage of a Premier League football match, then in the absence of such an assignment the owner of the copyright in the signal would be the BBC. However, in its broadcasting agreement with the BBC, the Premier League will have taken an assignment of copyright in the signal from the BBC and lice nsed back to the BBC the right to incorporate the signal into the BBC programming for specific number of times during the term of the agreement. Further, sport news access is effected through the use of the fair dealing exception in the CDPA. The provision allows for the copyright material to be used without the permission of the copyright owner where it acknowledges the rights holder and the use is appropriate in terms of the importance of the event. Further,  broadcasters  in the United Kingdom have adopted a News Accessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °Code  of Practice, which provides regulation of the use of sports  footage in terms of the programmes in which it is used and the length of extract that is appropriate. In the BBC v British Satellite  Broadcasting (BSB) [1991] 3 All E.R. 833, BSB tested the fair dealing concept during the 1990 World Cup by extensively using extracts of footage to which exclusive broadcast rights had been acquired by BBC and ITV. The question was whether the use of the BBCs broadcasts constituted fair dealing for the purpose of reporting current events under the CDPA. The court found in favour of B SB and as a result of this case, the major  broadcasters  drew up the News Access Code  of Conduct. According to the Code, broadcasters have the right to hold opinions and impart information and ideas to their audiences without any interference and audiences are also entitled to receive those ideas and opinions. However, the licensed broadcasters are also required to comply with the standards set out in the Code. These include standards which protect members of the public from offensive and/or harmful material. However, this may pose a challenge to sports broadcasters, particularly where the fans chant offensive and/or harmful material, including discriminatory language or invade the pitch. There is also an ever-increasing use of foul language by players on live football matches due to frustration or being angry when decisions go against their teams. Besides this, it is worth noting incidents, such as the infamous clothes malfunction in the 2004 Super Bowl between Justin Timberlake and Janet Jackson with estimated 6.6 million children from age two to eleven were watching when Janet Jackson exposed her right breast to the audience (Thornton, Champion and Ruddel, 2011:75). In addition, the standards set out in the Code must be applied in a manner which best guarantees an appropriate level of freedom of expression. This is because the Code takes into account the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) as well as the European Convention on Human Rights (Convention) (Ofcom, 2011:2). The right to freedom of expression in Article 10 of the Convention encompasses the right of the audiences to receive creative material, information and ideas without interference but subject to restriction prescribed by law and necessary in a democratic society. Further, consideration must also be made to Article 8 of the Convention on the right to a persons private and family life, home and correspondences. The Ofcom has also taken into account Article 9 (freedom of thought, conscience and religion) and Article 14 (the right to enjoyment of human rights without discrimination on grounds such as sex, race and religion). In R. (on the application of Gaunt) v Office of Communications (OFCOM) [2011] EWCA Civ 692, the court held that the provisions of the Code had to be interpreted, and applied in particular cases, in compliance with Article 10 of the Convention. The appellant radio presenter appealed against a decision of the High Court dismissing his application for judicial review of a finding by the defendant Ofcom that a broadcast interview conducted by him breached the Code. The Ofcom had found the language used by the presenter and the manner in which he treated his interviewee had the potential to cause offence to many listeners contrary to the Code. The High Court held that the Ofcoms finding was not a disproportionate interference with the presenters right to freedom of expression as the offensive and abusive nature of the broadcast was gratuitous and had no factual context or justification. Dismissing his appeal, the Court of Appeal held that when deciding whether the interview offended the Code, the interview had to be considered as a whole and in its context. When the presenters extremely aggressive tone, his constant interruptions, his insults, his ranting, the consequent lack of any substantive content, and the time for which the interview was allowed to run on were combined, it was clear that Ofcom was right to conclude that there had been a breach of the Code. It was impossible to accept the contention that the publication of the Ofcom finding, which contained no sanction other than the stigma of the publication of an adverse finding by a statutory regulator, represented an interference with the presenters right to freedom of expression under Article 10 of the Convention. The fact that the topic covered by the interview was of public interest was of limited force once the contents of the interview were considered. The Code does not address all issues which could arise in sports broadcasting. As a result, sports broadcasters may face a number of individual situations which the Code does not specifically refer to. It contains some examples, but they are not exhaustive. However, the principles set out in the Code make it clear that the Code is designed to achieve and help broadcasters make the necessary judgements (Ofcom, 2011:6). Sports broadcasters can make programmes about any sport issue they choose, but they must at all times ensure that the programmes comply not only with the general law, but also with the Code. The Ofcom may provide general guidance to sports broadcasters on the interpretation of the Code. However, neither such advice will affect Ofcoms discretion to decide on cases and complaints after the programme has been broadcasted nor the exercise of its regulatory responsibilities (Ofcom, 2011:6). There may be problems of differentiating between user generated contents (UGC) and professional contents offered on UGC platforms. There may also be blurring boundaries between audiovisual media services provided by sports newspapers and sports channel websites as well as online newspapers and sports news portals. A service fall outside the Authority for Television On-Demand (ATVOD) if the video content appears as integral part of online version of newspaper, for example, alongside a text based story. However, the audiovisual content on a website will fall within scope of the ATVOD if it constitutes a consumer destination in its own right and the content can be viewed and enjoyed without reference to the publication offering. There have been challenges against ATVOD determinations for qualifying video services as on-demand programme service (ODPS). In February 2011, the ATVOD held that the  Sun Video  section of  The Sun  website was an ODPS within the meaning of section 368A of the Communications Act 2003 and should have been notified to and regulated by the ATVOD as such (Lewis, 2012). According to section 368A, to be an ODPS, a service must fulfil five criteria. These are that the principal purpose of the service should be to provide programmes which their form and content are comparable to TV-like services, must be accessible on-demand, there must be a person responsible for editorial, it is made available for use by members of the public, and it is within the United Kingdoms jurisdiction. ATVOD has the power to decide which services constitute an ODPS and to provide guidance on the matter. Any exercise of ATVODs power is subject to appeal to Ofcom. The Suns owners, News Group, appealed to the Ofcom based on the first criterion that the principal purpose of the service was to provide programmes the form and content of which were comparable to TV-like services. It further argued that the  Sun Video  section was part and parcel of the whole site, which was an integrated offering. The ATVODs view was that the  Sun Video  section of  The Sun  website was an ODPS. In applying the five ODPS criteria, the ATVOD looked at the  Sun Video  section of  The Sun  website as a service in its own right and then applied the five ODPS criteria to that section. The Ofcom upheld the News Groups appeal, setting aside ATVODs decision and replacing it with its own. The Ofcom said that it was important to consider the whole of what is provided in order to determine whether there was any audiovisual material on the website whose  principal purpose  was to provide TV-like programmes. It set out a two-part test which it used and said should be used when assessing whether a service is an ODPS. The test comprises what Ofcom referred to as the principal purpose part and the comparability part of the test. With regard to the principal purpose part of the test, Ofcom said that where audiovisual content is provided together with other contents one all of the material in context must be looked at. Thus, it necessary to consider whether, taken as a whole, the audiovisual material forms part of a service whose principal purpose is to provide that audiovisual material, or is simply ancillary to the provision of some other service. If the answer to the fi rst test is in the affirmative, the question under the comparability test should be whether the audiovisual material is comparable to TV-like programmes. The Ofcom decided that the principal purpose test was not satisfied, but did not go further to analyse the comparability test. Ofcom provided some examples of characteristics of a service that its principal purpose could be said to provide audiovisual material. These include (a) the service having its own homepage; (b) the videos being catalogued and accessed separately; (c) the videos being presented and/or marketed as a TV channel; (c) the duration of the videos is substantially longer; (d) little or no linkage between the videos and other material; (e) where the service provides both written and audiovisual material, the audiovisual material is significantly more than the written material, the written is brief or introduces the audiovisual material, and the videos are the primary means of conveying to users the information they are seeking; and (f) the videos are ancillary to, or enhance, a non-audiovisual service. The Ofcom applied these tests holding that the aim of the  Sun Video  section was to collate and supplement the content from the rest of the website.   No part of the website was a servic e whose principal purpose was the provision of TV-like programmes. The Ofcoms decision could be seen as a victory for the operators of similar sites, particularly for online newspapers and magazines that are rich in video content. However, such sites may still be caught by ATVODs regulatory regime in future. A website providing a mixture of videos and written content  could  be deemed an ODPS. The Sun Videos displayed some ODPS features and fulfilled a number of the characteristics suggested by Ofcom which satisfied the principal purpose test, but on balance, the Ofcom held that  Sun Video  did not do so sufficiently to make it an ODPS. The Ofcom said that there was no blanket exclusion for newspaper websites. The Ofcoms powers of enforcement of the Code The Ofcom neither previews programmes nor requires advance schedule information (Carey, 2010:243). The broadcasters are responsible to ensure that the material broadcast does not offend against the (Carey, 2010:243. It enforces the Code by means of a condition in every licence requiring observance and adherence to the Code. It has published on its website the procedures for investigating complaints and the application of statutory sanctions to broadcasters (Ofcom, 2011).  The Ofcom may impose statutory sanctions against a broadcaster who has breached the Code deliberately, seriously or repeatedly. However, the Ofcom often issues directions to the licensee not to repeat the programme in question, or to broadcast the correction or a statement of Ofcoms findings. Other breaches of the Code may be penalised in fines and, in most extreme cases, forfeit of the licence. The maximum financial penalty for commercial television or radio licensees is  £250,000 or 5% of the broadcasters qual ifying revenue, whichever is the greater. For the BBC, the maximum financial penalty payable is  £250,000. In 2008, the Ofcom fined MTV Networks Europe  £255,000 for widespread and persistent breaches of the Code (repeated  broadcast  of blatantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °foulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °language  before the 21.00 watershed) in respect of its certain channels (Lewiston, 2008). In the same year, the Ofcom fined the ITV a total of  £5,675,000 for what it considered to be the worst breaches of the Code it has ever come across. The breaches related to the use of premium rate telephone lines in some of the broadcasters programmes. The fine is the highest ever imposed by Ofcom and reflected not only the seriousness of the ITVs failures, but also their repeated nature (Hughes, 2008:162). However, the failure of the Ofcom to fine the ITV anywhere near five per cent of its qualifying advertising revenue has been criticised in some quarters for sending out the wrong signal (Hughes, 2008:162). In 2011, the Government has proposed to reform the appeals process under section 192 of the Communications Act 2003 for Ofcom regulatory decisions by introducing an enhanced form of judicial review that would, for the first time in statutory history, allow consideration of the merits of Ofcom decisions. The Government believes that changing the standard of review would lead to more focused appeals whilst reducing the need for oral and cross examination of factual and expert witnesses. This would result in shorter hearings and more focussed pleadings than is presently the case. However, this would impose constraints on the right of appeal that do not apply to these sectors (McInes, 2011:14). b) The influence of the EU law and policy on the Code The main EU regulation of the sports broadcasting was the EC Directive 89/552/EEC on Television without Frontiers Directive (TWF Directive), as amended by Directive 97/36/EC and by Directive 2007/65/EC on Audio Visual Media Services Directive (AVMS Directive). The Audiovisual Media Services Directive  amended and renamed the TWF Directive by providing less detailed but more flexible regulation. It also modernised TV advertising rules  to better finance audiovisual content. The aims of the original TWF Directive were to harmonise television broadcasting law throughout the European Union, including by way of establishing minimum requirements relating to the protection of minors, rules on advertising as well as the encouragement of production of European works (Lewis and Taylor, 2009:1239). However, dated back to 1989, the TWF Directive dealt only with traditional television services. However, the advances of technology since its first implementation have been so vast that it became increasingly in need of updating to provide harmonised regulations to all forms of audiovisual services regardless of the type of technology used to deliver them (Lewis and Taylor, 2009:1239; Wardade, 2009:336). Consequently, the AVMS Directive was adopted in December 2007 requiring Member States to implement it within two years (AVMS Directive, Art. 3). The AVMS Directive provided two ties of regulation, depending on whether the audiovisual service was scheduled broadcast or on demand. It sought to be less restrictive for on demand services on the basis that the consumer had greater control over what it pulled down as opposed to scheduled which are received passively if a viewer switches on to a particular channel (Ridgway, 2008:110; McEneaney, 2008: 60). The Code took into account a number of requirements relating to television in the TWF Directive, as amended by AVMS Directive. However, by the time the AVMS Directive was implemented at the national level, it had already been superseded by technological developments (Wardade, 2009:341). Thus, the  TWF Directive and  its amendments has been repealed by Directive 2010/13/EU) on Audiovisual Media Services (AMS Directive), which came into force  on 5 May 2010. The AMS Directive was implemented in the United Kingdom by the Audiovisual Media Services (Codification) Regulations 2010, which came into force on 18 August 2010. Extracts of the AMS Directive can be found in Appendix 2 of the Broadcasting Code. The Code brings into effect certain provisions from the AMS Directive. Prior to the introduction of regulations to implement the AVMS Directive, product placement in programmes was expressly prohibited on scheduled television services. However, there was no regulation on on-demand services in the United Kingdom at all. The AMS Directive has relaxed the rules on product placement on on-demand services. The AMS Directive was implemented in the United Kingdom in February 2010 by Audiovisual Media Services (Codification) Regulations 2010). Article 11 of the AMS Directive permits product placement under certain circumstances. Firstly, the AMS Directive requires the responsibility and the editorial independence of the media service provider to remain unaffected.   This attempts to balance the free movement of services within the European Union and the need to ensure a high level of public health, consumer and child protection (Garde, 2011:92). The Ofcom has implemented Article 11 of the AMS Directive by revising section 9 of the Code which came into force on 28 February 2011. Rule 9.8 provides that product placement must not influence the content and scheduling of a programme in a way that affects the responsibility and editorial independence of the broadcaster. Secondly, the AMS Directive requires that programmes with product placement not to directly encourage the purchase or the rental of the placed goods or services. Rule 9.9 of the Code implements this more broadly by providing that references to placed products, services and trade marks should not be promotional. Thirdly, the AMS Directive requires programmes containing product placement not to give undue prominence to placed products, services or trade marks. Rules 9.5 and 9.10 of the Code implements this by further specifying that two factors may be indicative of undue prominence, namely the presence of, or reference to, a product, service or trade mark in programming where there is no editorial justification; or the manner in which a product, service or trade mark appears or is referred to in programming. Further, the AMS Directive requires viewers to be clearly informed of the existence of product placement and that the programmes with product placement should be identified at the start and the end of the programme, and when a programme resumes after an advertising break so as to avoid confusing audiences. Rule 9.14 of the Code implements the information requirement laid down in the AVMS Directive. On 14 February 2010, the Ofcom disclosed the two versions of the universal neutral logo which is used to inform viewers of the existence of product placement on television and the rules surrounding its use. The Rule 9.11 of the Code reproduces the requirements of article 11(4) of the AMS Directive by prohibiting the placement of cigarettes and tobacco products and prescription-only medicines. However, rule 9.13 extends the list by banning the placement of alcoholic drinks, foods or drinks high in fat, salt or sugar, gambling; infant formula, all medicinal products, c

Comparison between Creon and Antigone in Oedipus the King Essay

In the Oedipus plays, two of the major characters include Creon, the brother in law of Oedipus and Antigone, the daughter of Oedipus. Although these two characters play different roles in the plays Oedipus the King and Antigone, they share a lot of similarities. Basically, one of the similarities that Creon and Antigone have is that the burdens that they carried throughout the plays were passed down to them by Oedipus following his downfall and exile. After Oedupis’s exile, Creon assumed the throne of Thebes and took control of the city. Although his intentions in ruling Thebes are pure, like Oedipus who refused to listen to the blind prophet when he told him that he was the one who murdered his father, Creon’s judgment was blinded when he initially refused to give proper burial rites to his enemy, Polynices, Oedipus son. As a result, Antigone, hanged herself, causing her lover Haemon, Creon’s son, to kill himself as well. Likewise, Antigone inherited the stubbornness of his father when she defied Creon’s order deny the corpse of Polynices, her brother, a proper burial. For her defiance, Creon had her thrown into a tomb, where she committed suicide through hanging. In short, both Creon and Antigone were affected by Oedipus’s tragic downfall as he apparently passed down his misfortunes to those who succeeded him and to his family members. Antigone herself said this in her conversation with her sister, in which she said â€Å"My own flesh and blood—dear sister, dear Ismene, how many griefs our father Oedipus handed down! Do you know one, I ask you, one grief that Zeus will not perfect for the two of us while we still live and breathe? There’s nothing, no pain—our lives are pain—no private shame, no public disgrace, nothing I haven’t seen in your grief and mine. † In other words, Antigone spoke as if tragedies are passed down in Oedipus’s family like they were family heirlooms. Moreover, both Creon and Antigone exemplified also suffered the same losses. Creon lost his son, Haemon, and his wife, Eurydice who both committed suicide while Antigone lost her father, Oedipus, and her two brothers, Polynices and Eteocles, who killed each other while fighting over who would rule over Thebes. In other words, both characters were left alone in their personal battles. However, while the two characters share several similarities, they also have various differences. For one, Antigone acknowledges the past tragedies as shown in the quote above and uses them as a motivation to move forward. Moreover, she is more bold and prudent than Creon as shown during their confrontation in which he asked her why she was defying him and she answered, â€Å"I didn’t say yes. I can say no to anything I say vile, and I don’t have to count the cost. But because you said yes, all that you can do, for all you’re crown and your trappings, and your guards—all that your can do is to have me killed. † On the other hand, Creon is a manipulative and narrow-minded person as shown in his initial refusal to believe in the blind prophet’s prediction. His personality is best shown in his description of Thebes wherein he said, â€Å"Anarchy—show me a greater crime in all the earth! She, she destroys cities, rips up houses, breaks the ranks of spearmen into headlong rout. But the ones who last it out, the great mass of them owe their lives to discipline. Therefore we must defend the men who live by law, never let some woman triumph over us. Better to fall from power, if fall we must, at the hands of a man—never be rated inferior to a woman, never. † In sum, while both characters share similarities due to their close relationship with Oedipus, they also have differences that distinguish their characters. Antigone is a realistic, decisive yet stubborn character while Creon is a person who holds himself in high esteem but later realizes he is human as well. Works Cited â€Å"Oedipus the King. † 2008. The Internet Classics Archive. 3 April 2008 . â€Å"Antigone. † 2008. 2008. The Internet Classics Archive. 3 April 2008 .